{"id":288,"date":"2013-07-25T09:21:30","date_gmt":"2013-07-25T09:21:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/?p=288"},"modified":"2014-04-13T07:10:30","modified_gmt":"2014-04-13T07:10:30","slug":"geology-and-archaeology-a-collaboration-example","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/geology-and-archaeology-a-collaboration-example\/","title":{"rendered":"Geology and Archaeology &#8211; A Collaborative Example."},"content":{"rendered":"<figure style=\"width: 320px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/_ISMgCpNqDeo\/TT83fe8zXrI\/AAAAAAAACIQ\/lPAXHwpbclc\/s320\/Nevado%252520Coropuna%252520-%252520Condesuyos.jpg\" width=\"320\" height=\"224\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nevado Coropuna<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In the shadows of<a href=\"http:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/IOTD\/view.php?id=47114\"> Nevado Coropuna<\/a>\u2014Peru\u2019s tallest volcano\u2014geologist <a href=\"http:\/\/climatechange.umaine.edu\/people\/profile\/gordon_bromley\">Gordon Bromley <\/a>quietly hacks away at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cliffsnotes.com\/sciences\/geology\/glaciers-and-glaciation\/glacial-deposits\">glacial deposits<\/a>. He is collecting samples from boulders that skated down the mountain during the last ice age. These samples will be processed by a technique called <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Surface_exposure_dating\">surface exposure dating<\/a>. In a concerted project with Columbia University\u2019s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, they will isolate the tiny grains of the <a href=\"http:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-289\" alt=\"2\" src=\"http:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/2-300x199.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/2-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/2-452x300.jpg 452w, https:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/2.jpg 645w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>mineral <a href=\"http:\/\/www.geo.umn.edu\/courses\/1001\/minerals\/pyroxene.shtml\">pyroxene <\/a>to measure its helium <a href=\"http:\/\/www.chem4kids.com\/files\/atom_isotopes.html\">isotopes<\/a>. This will be crucial to reconstructing the ebb and flow of ice on Nevado Coropuna since the last ice age, to understand when <a href=\"http:\/\/nsidc.org\/cryosphere\/glaciers\/questions\/what.html\">glaciers<\/a> on Coropuna advanced and retreated, how the tropics influenced the global climate system, and agricultural impacts in the area.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_290\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-290\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/5.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-290 \" alt=\"The Rock Shelter\" src=\"http:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/5-300x202.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"202\" srcset=\"https:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/5-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/5-444x300.jpg 444w, https:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/5.jpg 643w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-290\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Rock Shelter<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.umaine.edu\/graduate\/community\/student-month\/november-2011-student-month\">\u00a0Kurt Rademaker<\/a>, an archaeologist from the University of Maine, helps Bromley with geology work. During a five hour walk into a<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lava_field\"> lava field<\/a>, they discovered stones that were clearly not natural deposits. It turned out to be an ancient Andean road. At roughly 15,000 feet, they further discovered a prehistoric <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rock_shelter\">rock shelter<\/a> \u2013 the highest ice age archaeological site known thus far. Rademaker has found evidence of human activity that reaches back to the end of the last <a href=\"http:\/\/geology.utah.gov\/surveynotes\/gladasked\/gladice_ages.htm\">ice age<\/a>. He has found numerous artifacts that were <a href=\"http:\/\/archserve.id.ucsb.edu\/courses\/anth\/fagan\/anth3\/Courseware\/Chronology\/08_Radiocarbon_Dating.html\">radio carbon<\/a> dated to 12,000 years ago and based on archaeological evidence, he suggests that the last event in the shelter was cooking before the inhabitants hurriedly left the site.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/6.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-293\" alt=\"6\" src=\"http:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/6-300x199.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/6-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/6-450x300.jpg 450w, https:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/6.jpg 646w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Together with glacial <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sdnhm.org\/archive\/exhibits\/mystery\/fg_timeline.html\">geologic chronology<\/a>, they are establishing precisely when humans occupied and unoccupied the site. This will shed understanding on why those humans left &#8211; what were they responding, a change in the local environment? So far, their research findings challenge conventional thinking that the climate was too cold for early <a href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/EBchecked\/topic\/277071\/hunting-and-gathering-culture\">hunter-gatherers <\/a>to survive.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-292\" alt=\"4\" src=\"http:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/4-300x203.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/4-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/4-443x300.jpg 443w, https:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/4.jpg 638w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>The concerted project seeks to understand the past climate better, along with wanting to understand what adaptation measures may help humans survive in this hotter world. Archaeology in collaboration with geology will help answer such questions. Archaeology can provide another layer of evidence in reconstructing the ebb and flow of ice on Coropuna. While geology seeks to understand<a href=\"http:\/\/www.globalchange.umich.edu\/globalchange1\/current\/lectures\/kling\/paleoclimate\/\"> paleo-climate<\/a> to understand the future and impact on humans, archaeology can yet provide supporting evidence on how climate impacted past humans.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-291\" alt=\"1\" src=\"http:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/1-300x179.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"179\" srcset=\"https:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/1-300x179.jpg 300w, https:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/1-500x300.jpg 500w, https:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/1.jpg 642w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Coropuna has seen the dissipation of snow twice, once in the last ice age, and in modern day. Temperatures are rising due to industrious<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/climate\/evidence\/carbon_dioxide.shtml\"> carbon dioxide<\/a> in the air.\u00a0 Coropuna is changing again. It has <a href=\"http:\/\/www.the-cryosphere.net\/4\/313\/2010\/tc-4-313-2010.pdf\">lost a quarter of its glacier mass since the 1960s<\/a>. Millions of humans rely on glacial water and water in the arid region is expected to grow even scarcer. Understanding the ebb and flow of Coropuna\u2019s glaciers in the past will be a key to understanding how a rapidly warming climate will impact water availability in the future. Research is still ongoing.<\/p>\n<p>-antonio kuilan<\/p>\n<p>Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory \u2013 Columbia University Earth Institute. <i>Climate in the<br \/>\nPeruvian Andes: From Early Humans to Modern Challenges. <\/i>June 2, 2013. Web.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/news-events\/climate-peruvian-andes-early-humans-modern-challenges\">https:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/news-events\/climate-peruvian-andes-early-humans-modern-challenges<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the shadows of Nevado Coropuna\u2014Peru\u2019s tallest volcano\u2014geologist Gordon Bromley quietly hacks away at glacial deposits. He is collecting samples from boulders that skated down the mountain during the last ice age. These samples will be processed by a technique called surface exposure dating. In a concerted project with Columbia University\u2019s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, they &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/antoniokuilan.com\/blog\/geology-and-archaeology-a-collaboration-example\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Geology and Archaeology &#8211; A Collaborative Example.<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":49,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,4],"tags":[77,44,43,79,45],"class_list":["post-288","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archaeology","category-geology","tag-archaeology","tag-climate","tag-geoarchaeology","tag-geology","tag-nevado-coropuna"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Geology and Archaeology - A Collaborative Example. &#8226;<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A collaborative example of how archaeology compliments geology. 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